What Is the Polarization Index?

The Polarization Index (PI) is used to determine the fitness of a motor or generator for use. The index is derived from calculating measurement of winding (electrical) insulation resistance. The polarization index gives an indication of the buildup of dirt or moisture, the deterioration of insulation and the suitability for operation of the motor or generator. Testing for the Polarization Index is a safety measure for electrical equipment.

Preparation and Procedure for Testing

The reading that is significant to Polarization Index is the insulation resistance. Before measuring the resistance, you should remove all connections to the machine and discharge the windings (of electric wire) to the grounded machine frame. Using a direct-indicating, power-driven megohmeter (an electrical test instrument producing a DC voltage), an electrical current of either 500 or 1,000 volts DC should be applied between the winding and ground. The amount of current you use depends on the rating of the machine.

Calculating the Polarization Index

The voltage that is applied should be kept constant for 10 minutes. An initial reading of insulation resistance is recorded at one minute and a second reading is taken at 10 minutes. The resistance is measured consecutively and it is not necessary to take further readings beyond 10 minutes. The ratio between the 10-minute and the one-minute measurements provides the Polarization Index.

Recommended Minimum Value

The recommended minimum value for the Polarization Index applies for both AC and DC motors and generators. The index should be at least 2.0. Machines for which the index is lower are less likely to be fit for use and need to be cleaned, rebuilt or discarded. Because the index is a ratio, no units are indicated.